CVE-2021-43890 Microsoft Windows AppX Installer Spoofing Vulnerability
Microsoft Windows AppX Installer contains a spoofing vulnerability which has a high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
From the CISA KEV catalogue version 2026.11.06, with Cybergen analysis. Updated 6 Nov 2026.
Should You Worry?
- CISA confirmed exploitation in the wild and added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 15 Dec 2021.
- CISA lists it as known to be used in ransomware campaigns.
- Rated High severity (CVSS 7.1, scored by Vendor).
- It has been in the catalogue for 1,787 days. Systems still unpatched now have almost certainly been scanned for it.
What It Is
We have investigated reports of a spoofing vulnerability in AppX installer that affects Microsoft Windows. Microsoft is aware of attacks that attempt to exploit this vulnerability by using specially crafted packages that include the malware family known as Emotet/Trickbot/Bazaloader. An attacker could craft a malicious attachment to be used in phishing campaigns. The attacker would then have to convince the user to open the specially crafted attachment. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights. Please see the Security Updates table for the link to the updated app. Alternatively you can download and install the Installer using the links provided in the FAQ section. Please see the Mitigations and Workaround sections for important information about steps you can take to protect your system from this vulnerability. December 27 2023 Update: In recent months, Microsoft Threat Intelligence has seen an increase in activity from threat actors leveraging social engineering and phishing techniques to target Windows OS users and utilizing the ms-appinstaller URI scheme. To address this increase in activity, we have updated the App Installer to disable the ms-appinstaller protocol by default and recommend other potential mitigations.
Affected Versions
| Product | Versions |
|---|---|
| Microsoft App Installer | 1.0.0.0 to before publication |
From the public CVE record, as supplied by the vendor. Always confirm against the vendor advisory.
What To Do Now
- 1
Find it
Search your asset inventory and external attack surface for Microsoft Windows. Include cloud images, appliances and anything a supplier runs for you.
Attack Surface Management - 2
- 3
Hunt for compromise
If an affected system was reachable before you patched, assume it may have been hit. Check logs, new accounts, web shells and outbound connections from the date of exposure.
Incident Response - 4
Prove it is fixed
Rescan or test the system after patching. Upgrades that fail silently and forgotten secondary instances are common.
Penetration Testing
Vendor Advisories
The Compliance Clock
General guidance, not legal advice. Your obligations depend on your sector, scope and jurisdiction.
Not Sure If You Are Exposed?
Our attack surface and vulnerability teams can check your internet-facing estate for CVE-2021-43890 and every other exploited flaw on the list.
Sources
- CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue
- NVD: CVE-2021-43890
- CVE record: CVE-2021-43890
- FIRST EPSS
- portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-43890
- bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-msix-protocol-handler-abused-in-malware-attac
- thehackernews.com/2023/12/microsoft-disables-msix-app-installer.html
- microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/12/28/financially-motivated-threat-actors-misusing-app-instal
- github.com/ChrisTitusTech/winutil/pull/26
